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Meanwhile, supercomputers can now create detailed simulations of how the Universe has grown from those first moments after the Big Bang to the cosmos we see today. Today, advancements in both telescope and imaging technology mean they are able to create more detailed versions of Kirshner’s maps, such as the Dark Energy Survey which has mapped out a quarter of the southern sky, examining around 300 million galaxies. Meanwhile smaller clumps of matter began to organise themselves into galaxies.īy studying these large structures, astronomers can gain a window into what the Universe looked like in its earliest moments. At the same time, the Universe was expanding greatly and so these fluctuations that started on a quantum level eventually spanned hundreds of millions of light-years. This made them even more dense, increasing their gravitational pull again so they attracted more matter and so on. Some areas were now slightly more dense, meaning their gravitational pull was greater so that they pulled matter away from the less dense areas.

Initially, this is thought to have been a uniform soup, but random quantum fluctuations soon created small differences in the distribution of matter. In the early days of the cosmos, all the Universe’s matter was tightly packed together. The cause of these voids is thought to lie in the origin of the Universe. It’s thought that Boötes is the product of smaller voids merging together. Boötes is one of the largest, earning it the title of ‘supervoid’. The voids make up around 80 per cent of the observable Universe, and most are around 30 to 300 million light-years across. When these meet, they create regions with a high concentration of galaxies, known as clusters.īetween these threads, however, are huge empty voids with hardly any galaxies at all.

The majority of galaxies in our Universe are found in long structures, known as filaments, that wind through the cosmos. We now know that galaxies are arranged like a giant web. Since then, surveys have managed to create more detailed maps of our Universe.